# Electric Gate Restoration

This project was started in April 2022 and the objective of this project was to restore an exterior electric gate that had not worked for over 15 years.

## Table of contents

[[_TOC_]]

## Context
In my backyard, there has always been an electric gate that I have rarely, if ever, seen work.

I decided to fix it because I thought I had the DIY and electronic skills to make it work again.

This gate gives access to different houses and therefore its access is shared. This implies that its operation should be low, easy and unencumbered.

It has not worked for about fifteen years since it requires a 230V three-phase power supply. The subscription was cancelled to have only single-phase and the gate remained open since that day.

## Before anything

The state of the portal before starting my project was as follows:
- A three-phase motor that needs to run on single-phase (conversion required).
- Mechanical limit switches to be changed
- A broken photoelectric sensor to be changed
- The electronics of the gate to be completely redone

![Picture of the gate at the beginning before the project](.assets/images/gate_before_start.png)

## Required elements

### Hardware

For this project, I made an electronic board to build a reliable, clean and easy to install system: [LiHoCo Yard gate PCB v1.0](hardware/PCB)

I also needed other components such as:
- [Mechanical limit switches](https://www.conrad.fr/fr/p/interrupteur-de-fin-de-course-tru-components-xz-9-108-1426610-250-v-ac-10-a-levier-pivotant-a-galet-a-rappel-ip65-1-pc-s-1569253.html)
- [Photoelectric sensor](https://fr.aliexpress.com/item/32810795246.html)
- [Warning light](https://fr.aliexpress.com/item/1005002878506861.html)
- [433MHz RF remote control](https://fr.aliexpress.com/item/1005003238379943.html)
- [25µF 450V Condensator](https://amzn.eu/d/61hfXKH)
- Junction box
- Cable

### Software

[ESPhome](https://esphome.io/) was the easiest solution to implement the portal system. I used it to make my ESP32 program

Here is the program : [electric-gate.yaml](software/ESPhome)

## Developpement

### Step 1: Check of the working existing components

The engine was the first element I tested to verify the feasibility of the project. After a little research to make a three-phase asynchronous motor work on an alternating current, I was able to verify that it turned correctly.
I made the conversion from three phase to single phase using a capacitor of 25µF 450V. connected between 2 motor coils:

![Picture of the motor connections](.assets/images/motor_wire_connections.png)
I also changed the oil of the 45/1 gearbox.

All the rest was not in working order anymore but it doesn't matter.

### Step 2: Make a prototype circuit

The goal was to make a circuit quickly to develop the program with ESPhome and check if everything works as I wanted.

![Picture of the circuit prototype](.assets/images/prototype_circuit.png)
![Schematic of the prototype](.assets/images/prototype_schematic.png)

### Step 3: Make a real life test

The aim now was to install the main components (limit switch, photoelectric sensor, etc...) and connect them as shown in the circuit above.

![prototype_wired](.assets/images/prototype_wired.png)

I let this prototype run for several months to see what needed to be improved, modified or removed, both physically and in the program.

I became aware of various problems:
- The sun made the photoelectric sensor think that an object was in the way, dazzling it and preventing it from closing. I installed a cover to prevent this.
- The wifi signal was difficult to pick up, either due to distance or interference. I soldered on a new antenna to avoid this problem.
- I soldered an antenna of a more suitable size for receiving the 433MHz signal, so that I could pick up the remote control signal further away (before: 10m, after: 40m).
- ...

For the program I was able to make and to optimize a few things:
- When the gate is in motion (opening or closing) and an element triggers the photoelectric sensor, it stops only if it was in the process of closing, and then reopens. Originally, the gate only stopped in the middle, regardless of movement.
- A short delay was introduced to first provide a warning light and then activate gate movement.
- ...



## Points of improvement

### Security : No rolling code

The EV1527 433MHz receiver module does not allow code rolling as the HCS301 KeeLoq protocols do. Nevertheless, since the gate does not give any access to the interior of a house, this point does not really pose a problem.